Short Well-being Instrument for Older adults (SWIO)
Background
In frailty research, the focus of geriatric and gerontological studies is mostly on adverse outcomes rather than positive outcomes such as well-being. Therefore, the Short Well-being Instrument for Older adults (SWIO) presents a short instrument to evaluate the level of well-being, based on three domains: sense of mastery, meaning in life and life satisfaction.
The instrument can be used in studies among older adults at risk of frailty.
The SWIO was developed and cross-validated by performing Exploratory Structural Equation modeling and multidimensional Item Response Theory-analyses (Duppen et al., 2019) on already existing scales for sense of mastery (Pearlin et al., 2007) meaning in life (Steger et al., 2006) and life satisfaction (Diener et al., 1985).
Instrument
Guidelines of use
- In the publications using the SWIO the following reference should be included in order to respect the journal’s rights: Duppen, D., Rossi, G., Dierckx, E., Hoeyberghs, L., De Donder, L., & D-SCOPE Consortium. (2019). Focusing on positive outcomes in frailty research: Development of a short well-being instrument for older adults (SWIO). International Psychogeriatrics, 31(6), 767–777. (Click here for the article)
- The SWIO questions must be reproduced in the order found in the published version, since changing the order may alter psychometric properties.
- The SWIO should be reproduced verbatim, unless specific changes are approved in advance by the authors. This is a concern that word changes may alter psychometric properties.
Reporting the results
First take the sum of each subdomain.
Subdomain 1: Question 1, 2, 3 = mastery
Subdomain 2: Question 4, 5, 6 = meaning in life
Subdomain 3: Question 7, 8, 9 = life satisfaction
The SWIO was developed and tested within the D-SCOPE study. Cutoff scores in D-SCOPE were calculated via the median of each subdomain. The values are:
